History of the Amana Communes :: essays papers

History of the Amana Communes With the new foundland of north America, Europeans saw a chance to apply their hopes and dreams of a perfect Utopian society. They saw an oppertunity to raise communities of so called ‘utopian societies’ that they could not create in their already ruled land of Europe. While there would be Utopian experiments is Europe -like the Paris commune and the Fourierist Planxes, it would only be in America where the European divines would apply their Utopian ideals with such effort. The socialism of these early communities was the kind that Marx, rightly or wrongly, would brand as ‘utopian,’ suggesting that it was idealistic and impractical. Rather than seeking to create an ideal government or reform the world, the members of these communal groups withdrew form the sinful, corrupt world to work their miracles in microcosm, actually hoping to imitate the elect state of affairs that existed among the Apostles, who were said to hold all things in common. The most interesting point of these communal groups to me might be the overall backing of their desire to create a community. It seems some of the communal groups, such as the Amana, were only created out of feelings of guilt and hope for redemption. From Oveds book, two hundred years of American Communes, he describes the Amana as seeing their community as an island of redemption in a world awash with temptation, sin and avarice; the Elect could come and perfect themselves, if they were prepared to heed the Lord’s call to chastity, poverty, simplicity, hard work, purity, and brotherly love. Although they sought redemption, the main driving force behind the Amana was that they sought religious freedom. Unhappy with their religious rights and flixability in Germany, the Amanas left ifn 1842, settling near Buffalo, New York. In 1855, the â€Å"community of True Inspiration,† as they were called, moved west, forming their first village along the Iowa River. The Amana set up their communities with a diligent effort. Each village practiced their Utopian ideals and worked together as one large community. Perhaps the most impressive view of the Amana may be their unique contributions to social reform. Many aided and abetted the abolitionists, women’s rights, and objections to war. Their history and communal methods were basically unchanged for 89 years. The Amana is definitely one of the longest lasting communal societies in the world. In a sense you could actually say it was a bit of a success. The Amana had thier whole social class set up eliminating the need for conflict.

Operations Performance Objectives

1. OPERATIONS PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES In accordance with Slack, Chambers and Johnston, performance objectives is a generic set of performance and indicators that can be used to set the objectives or judge the performance of any type of operation. In this context, there are five key most objectives that can or will be used to help improve the operations of a service industry (Dental health care as stated earlier). a)Quality Quality can be defined in so many ways. In simpler terms we will describe it as the element in a product that rises above the other and is able to satisfy the needs/specifications of a consumer and has some high value attached to it. Quality in operations performance objectives for a dental health care ensures that most appropriate treatment is delivered and that customers are all treated with courtesy (getting value for their money). This entails doing the right thing at the right time and meeting customer specifications, which leaves them satisfied. b)Speed Speed is defined as the elapsed time between customers’ placing orders and the goods/services being delivered to them. With speed, it means that the delivery of the service required is done within the shortest possible time. For example the time it takes for the dentist to screen the teeth of the patient to the time he gives an answer of what his findings are should be reduced and acceptable to the customer. In turn, this reduces likeliness of lagging behind and not being able to finish attending to all the patients in time. It does impact positively on the improvement of operations when time is highly considered. As the cliche goes, ‘time is money and time wasted is never gained, so use it wisely. ’ )Dependability Dependability is the delivery or making available of goods/services when they were promised to customers. It can also be defined as staying true to one’s word and trustworthiness. In this context it would mean avoiding cancellations of appointments with customers. It really pays highly to an organization for customers to know that they can depend on the services provide d to them at that particular organization. It helps in creating rapport with the customers, hence allowing for them to even encourage other people to come and seek for services from you. d)Flexibility This is the degree to which an operations process can change what it does, how it is done and when it is done. When something’s flexible, it simply means that there is room for change or adjustments. In this case, it means that the service industry (dental health care) should be ready to introduce new treatments and/or have many more treatment to match up to the customers’ ever changing and varying demands. This helps the industry to expand. e)Cost Cost can be defined as the monetary value attached to the services/goods provided and also attached to the production or offering of that good/service. Cost helps to identify how operation scan be run at a more affordable price right for the marketplace the industry operates in and be able to achieve good profit margins. To the producer or service provider, the lower the cost of production the means lower the prices for the customers, which means more savings. In conclusion, â€Å"performance objectives are the key to unlocking any communications or performance initiative. The answer is the foundation and structure of your work on any project: the performance objective. † Document Information Design Inc. 2004.

Essay on Effect Of Christianity On Cabeza De Vaca And The...

The Effects of Christianity on Cabeza de Vaca and the Natives On June 17, 1527, Cabeza de Vaca set sail on the order to conquer and govern the lands from the Rio Grande to the cape of Florida. However, during his journey he encountered much devastation such as the wrecking of his ship which resulted in his separation from the majority of his Christian companions. Praying to God after every ordeal, Cabeza routinely sought after his Christian religion to guide him through his unexpected journey. While traveling through the interior of America, he also encountered many native tribes which inhabited the land. While most of the Spanish conquistadors in the sixteenth century spread their religion through warlike ways and rearranged societies†¦show more content†¦The majority of the explorers placed the natives in a class subhuman to Europeans which deserved to be enslaved. Cabeza makes not a racial distinction, but an ideological one by saying that there were only Christians and non-Christians (Petty 2). This ideology is why he states that C learly, to bring all these people to Christianity and subjection to Your Imperial Majesty, they must be won by kindness, the only certain way (Covey 123). As for the question of whether the Indians could understand the concept of religion and God, the answer is yes due to their own religious practices separate from Christianity. Cabeza learns that the natives worship a God named Aguar in whom They said they believed he created the whole world and everything in it (Covey 131). Cabeza interpreted this as an indication of a readiness for the acceptance of Christianity (Petty 2). Cabeza may have taken the viewpoint of peaceful conversion rather than that of most other Spanish explores, who would use terror and violence for conversion, due to his experience with certain natives after the capsize of his boat. In reaction to their sight The Indians, understanding our full plight, sat down and lamented for half an hour so loudly they could have been heard a long way off (Covey 57). Cabeza then says in reaction to the natives actions It was amazing to see these wild, untaught savages howling like brutes in compassion for us (Covey 57-58). The mindset of peaceful interaction betweenShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Christianity On Cabeza De Vaca And The Natives1620 Words   |  7 Pages7A Professor Delay 14th September 2015 The Effects of Christianity on Cabeza de Vaca and the Natives On June 17, 1527, Cabeza de Vaca set sail west on a expedition to conquer and govern the lands from Mexico to the cape of Florida. However, during his journey Cabeza was faced with much devastation such as the wrecking of his ship which resulted in his separation from the majority of his Christian companions. Praying to God after every ordeal, Cabeza routinely sought after his Christian religionRead MoreEffect of Christianity on Cabeza de Vaca and the Natives Essay1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Christianity on Cabeza de Vaca and the Natives On June 17, 1527, Cabeza de Vaca set sail on the order to conquer and govern the lands from the Rio Grande to the cape of Florida. However, during his journey he encountered much devastation such as the wrecking of his ship which resulted in his separation from the majority of his Christian companions. Praying to God after every ordeal, Cabeza routinely sought after his Christian religion to guide him through his unexpected journeyRead MoreArmed Conflict591 Words   |  2 Pagessimilarities exist between the conflict incurred by European settlers with Native Americans in the depictions of Inca, Garcilaso de la Vegas La Florida del Inca, and Gaspar Perez de Villagras Historia de la Nueva Mexico. Excerpts from both works can be found in the compendium edited by Harold Augnebraum and Magartie Fernandez Olmos entitled The Latino Reader: Five Centuries of an American Literary Tradition from Cabeza de Vaca to Oscar Hijuelos. In both narratives, the authors chronicle Spaniards unlawfulRead MoreTHE COLONIES pt1 the encounters Essay1787 Words   |  8 PagesChapter One: Natives: Old world explorers encountered in the new world complex and diverse peoples—who, where, etc? Old world explorers encountered Native Americans in North America. Pre-Columbian America is â€Å"fraught with controversy.† What conflicts were they? Native Americans had conflict with the Europeans over social and environmental problems; this led to violence and war. Also, Europeans and Native Americans were both violent and Europeans enslaved and killed Natives to conquer landRead More Distortions of the Daniel Boone Legend and Their Impact Essay2905 Words   |  12 Pagessocietal pitfalls that have plagued mankind for ages. [2] So, then, what exactly are the problems with this film? Notably, nearly every film or TV show based on Daniel Boone has similar twisted depictions and representations of Boone, the native Americans, the white settlers, and the interaction therein. This suggests something deeper, and subtler maybe, than a few misinformed filmmakers. Something hidden seems to be imbedded deep within American consciousness, perhaps even to this day

The Wars- Effects on Humans - 1748 Words

CHEUNG 1 War has been a constant part of human history. It has greatly affected the lives of people around the world. These effects, however, are extremely detrimental. Soldiers must shoulder extreme stress on the battlefield. Those that cannot mentally overcome these challenges may develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Sadly, some resort to suicide to escape their insecurities. Soldiers, however, are not the only ones affected by wars; family members also experience mental hardships when their loved ones are sent to war. Timothy Findley accurately portrays the detrimental effects wars have on individuals in his masterpiece The Wars. Findley suggests that war can alter a persons behaviour negatively. Robert Ross, the protagonist of†¦show more content†¦Another example is Captain Taffler. He lost both his arms in the war and was brought to England for treatment. He tried to commit suicide by rubbing his wounds to make the bleed. The stumps where his arms had been were raw and one of them was pumping blood in spurts across the floor. (Findley 152) Taffler tried to commit suicide so that he could escape from his painful existence. Findley is suggesting that the war drove these men into corners from which they could not escape. Eventually, they decided suicide is their only option left. They could no longer cope with their environment or with themselves. Findleys depiction of suicide is accurate with the real world. Today, suicide among soldiers is a growing problem. According to Lisa Chedekel and Matthew Kauffman of the Hartford Courant, there is an increase in the suicide rate among troops serving in Iraq, which reached an all-time high in 2005 when 22 soldiers killed themselves - accounting for nearly one in five of all Army non-combat deaths. Some of the reasons associated with suicide are that some unstable troops are kept on the front CHEUNG 4 lines while on potent antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs, with little or no counseling or medical monitoring. In fact, service members who committed suicide were experiencing serious psychological problems during deployment.(The Hartford Courant) According to The New Zealand Herald, Douglas Barber, an Iraq veteran,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of War On The Environment1223 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch. What is war? What are the different types of conflicts that can be classified as war? What is your country or origin? Has your country experienced or engaged in war since 1960s? What are the general effects of war on the environment? What do think are the effects of modern war and military activities on biodiversity? How does war affect the ecosystem? What are the effects of war on human beings and other animals? Do you think the nuclear bombs and other chemicals used during war affect the environmentRead MoreNuclear Weapons : The Side Effects Of Nuclear Radiation972 Words   |  4 Pagesidea to have because The effects that radiation can cause last for a very long time. (Atomic Archives, 2015.) The lifetime of nuclear radiation can depend on how much you use. The radiation life of the atomic bomb that was dropped on hiroshima is 14 million years. There are three main types of radiation that happen during a nuclear blast that has side effects. Initial Nuclear Radiation initial nuclear radiation is the first type of radiation that happens in a nuclear war. This type of radiationRead MoreMorality Of War And Peace1709 Words   |  7 PagesPhil 340 Morality of War and Peace Exam #1 For Aquinas, there are three conditions for Just War. The first is that the war must be declared by authority of a head of state or a proper authority. The requirement for a war to be declared comes from the Roman law. There is no specific time limit between hostile activities and the declaration, but the act of declaring war does invite the second party to the pending hostilities for the opportunity to offer redress in lieu of war. An aggrieving nationRead MoreThe War Of The World War II1302 Words   |  6 Pagestopic of war, â€Å"I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.† According to Einstein and many people even today, war is like a self-destruct button, and if pressed, the world would be destroyed. It would be in ruins and the human race would have to start all over again. Even though we, as humans, know this, people have fought many wars in the past, and wars still happen around the world today. Humans overestimate the effects of thisRead MoreThe War Of A Forest Fire1380 Words   |  6 Pagestheir thoughts regarding war, the first words spoken generally include death, destruction and conflict. The connotation of these words displays the negativity placed upon the theory of war. One can compare war to a forest fire, although everything is destroyed and burned, through the ashes emerges new life. Contrary to popular belief war is immensely beneficial on numerous proportions. War is overlooked and judged as a despicable tragedy. It’s very easy to stereotype war as a devastating occurrenceRead MoreAs Mentioned Above, There Have Been Many Lives Lost During1729 Words   |  7 Pagesthe civil war that has raged for years in Syria. The estimated casualties in the chemical attack on April 4th are reported to be 131 citizens, 41 of those children (Perez, 2017). Many more people were also affected by the attack that day. There are the countless friends and family members w ho lost loved ones. There are surely many others who lost homes and other possessions that will be forced to try to find new places to live and support themselves. In a much broader sense, the effects are seen onRead MoreEssay on Why Star Wars was such a Ground Breaking Movie1404 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Star Wars was such a Ground Breaking Movie There are many reason for ‘Star Wars’ being such a ground breaking movie. ‘Star Wars’ is a science fiction film, a science fiction includes new world and civilisations that are discovered and aliens are featured in a lot of science fiction films, the setting of the films are usually set in the future and where the world is in danger. There are some characters that are computer generated and they sue special effects for fightingRead MoreThe Cold War : New Technology And Human Testing957 Words   |  4 Pagesdestroying entire cities, American war time political appeals were successful in justifying the creation and utilization of the world s first weapon of mass destruction The Cold War: New technology and Human Testing The idea of immoral scientific developments continues well into the Cold War. The United States government called for a large expansion of nuclear, chemical and biological testing programs spanning from World War II to the end of the Cold War. These tests involved both direct weaponsRead MoreThe Great Influenza1092 Words   |  4 PagesGREAT INFLUENZA The book The Great Influenza by John Barry takes us back to arguably one of the greatest medical disasters in human history, the book focuses on the influenza pandemic which took place in the year 1918. The world was at war in the First World War and with everyone preoccupied with happenings in Europe and winning the war, the influenza pandemic struck when the human race was least ready and most distracted by happenings all over the world. In total the influenza pandemic killed over aRead MoreWeapons of Mass Destruction and Risk Galore1175 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough heat and radioactivity (US Army). During World War II, the United States exploded atom bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6th and August 9th respectively. Despite the atom bombs effect being only a few hours, a total of 200,000 casualties were recorded along with the decimation of two large Japanese cities. Additionally, it took rescue workers 30 hours after the explosion to enter the cities to try and counter the after effects of the atomic explosion including rapidly spreading fires

Emotional Experiences in Tim O´Brien´s The Things They...

Most stories about war show the glory of war and heroism of soldiers. According to OED, war is â€Å"a state of armed conflict between different nations or states or different groups within a nation or state†. But, what’s the definition about the stage of confusions in the soldier’s mind? A conflict between two nations or states can be resolved in a particular amount of time but can an experience from a person’s mind can ever be forgotten, can a person ever be able to resolve his own conflict: his fight with his emotions, changes, and his own mind? Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried is a powerful combination of fact and fiction; through description and imagination, O’Brien allows the reader to feel a soldiers hardships in the war and†¦show more content†¦Can a change that was caused by a particular experience be described from a particular perspective? Can a horrible truth be expressed in words how it felt as a feeling? Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, a collection of stories about his service in the Vietnam War, raises exactly such questions, and in remembering, O’Brien endeavors to answer them for himself. The short story â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong,† is a tale of the horrors of war, and how quickly violent experiences can change one from civilized gentle to uncivilized inhumane who enjoys killing others. The story tells about an ideal American young girl’s transformation into a savage, who becomes emotionless while visiting her boyfriend, a soldier, in Vietnam. This story shows that a war can bring up the savage characteristics within human beings, whether male or female. This is shown through the development of Mary Anne. Initially she was amiable and innocent, but she rapidly became more disconnected to society a trained killer. Her story shows the mental transference of humans at war, and how they can be converted from sympathetic people into unsocial, who is capable of performing the most dreadful acts. O’Brien uses irony to convey the bizarre aspect of the story, keeping the purpose of his true-warShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Things They Carried 1734 Words   |  7 PagesScenario - Vietnam War The Things They Carried, is a novel based on the Vietnam War, and the book reveals the truth of the war as the author remembers the war after twenty one years and snows his guilt and emotions for the war. The Things They Carried, belongs high on the list of the best fiction about any war... crystallizes the Vietnam experiences for everyone and exposes the nature of all war stories.( New York Times, Book of the Century). Tim O Brien, the author of the book is bothRead MorePsychological Changes During Soldiers From The Vietnam War981 Words   |  4 Pagesequipment of a soldier is the only thing that can cause the line not to clear. But, a soldier also carries his memory, memories, amulets, ghosts of the past, and trivial objects that do not let him forget that there is another life-the life-beyond war. Soldiers of Alpha Company, who fought in Vietnam, carry everything they could. And, those men and things are making their appearance in the story The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien, which also fought in Vietnam. Mr. O Brien tells how, after fleeing toRead MorePsychological Changes During Soldiers From The Vietnam War1215 Words   |  5 Pagessoldier s survival in war depends on what he wears, and his life is just one step away from death. However, a soldier not only carries supplies, weapons, and equipment; a soldier also carries memories, amulets, ghosts of the past, and trivial objects that do not l et him forget that there is another life beyond war. The Soldiers of Alpha Company, who fought in Vietnam, carry everything they could. And, those men and things are making their appearance in the story The Things They Carried by Tim O BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1459 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the mid 1950’s, the Vietnam War turned to be the modern pinnacle for battles resulting in the deaths of 58,000 American soldiers and millions of Vietnamese death. It saw the viable destruction of modern technology such as the newly fashioned M-16 rifle and the Apache, a helicopter made for mass destruction. For the soldiers experiencing Vietnam, it was truly an experience which would shape their hearts and minds forever. As evidenced in Tim O’ Brien’s The Things They Carried, The Vietnam WarRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesVery few novels and short stories have managed to clarify, in any lasting process, the means of the war in Vietnam for America and for the troopers who served there. With The Things They Carried, author (Tim O’Brien), captures the war s pulsing rhythms and trying dangers. However he goes abundant any. By moving on the far side the horror of the fighting to look at with sensitivity and insight the character of affection, courageousness and worry, by questioning the role that imagination playsRead MoreEssay On The Things They Carried1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe Things They Carried, reflects the saga of drafted soldiers during the Vietnam era who were sent to the Vietnam War. The author, Tim O’Brien, describes the things that the men carry during their tour of duty. The items carried are both physical and impalpable items and what these things are is subject to the individual soldier. They carry the necessities for survival in the jungles of Vietnam as well as the personal things each soldier feels necessary to make life as comfortable as possibleRead MoreThe Things They Carried : Writing Task1107 Words   |  5 PagesThe Things They Carried - Writing Task By Charlie Evans – Word Count: 1099 Storytelling is the interactive art of using words and actions to reveal the elements and images of a story while encouraging the reader’s imagination. Tim O’Brien the author of the novel The Things They Carried demonstrates storytelling to maximise the significance of story truth versus happening truth and the focus on emotion and feeling, not the events. These main ideas O’Brien displays is reinforced through the choicesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )2357 Words   |  10 PagesVietnam War. This is no surprise as most veterans fighting in the Vietnam War faced many traumatic events fighting in combat and PTSD came about as a result. After a traumatic experience most soldiers will feel frightened, sad, anxious, disconnected, and even experience sleeping disorders, along with many other mental and emotional problems. If this continues and does not fade, soldiers will continue to feel overwhelmed with the feelings of continuous danger and painful memories. These symptoms all pointRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1669 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Things They Carried, by Tim O’Brien, is a novel that unfolds the truths about the Vietnam war through short stories. The Vietnam war is one of the longest war the U.S. ever participates in which lasted from 1955-1975. Furthermore, through the narration of these stories Tim O’Brien discusses about his feelings and perspective of the war. Also O’Brien writes stories that connects with ventures that has many experiences with war and people who face difficulties. Therefore, The Things They CarriedRead MoreEssay On The Things They Carried1777 Words   |  8 PagesThe Things They Carried, is a story about drafted soldiers during the Vietnam era who were sent to the Vietnam War. The author, Tim O’Brien, describes the things that the men carry during their tour of duty. The items carried are both physical and impalpable items and what these things are is subject to the individual soldier. They carry the necessities for survival in the jungles of Vietnam as well as the personal things each soldier feels necessary to make life as comfortable as possible. Additionally

Sustainability and CSR Case of BHP Billiton

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability and CSR Case of BHP Billiton. Answer: Introduction In the study of market economics engaging stakeholders is one of the main purpose of the organisations. It is one of their primary focus to engage the shareholders in the organisational operation if not directly then indirectly. It could be said that in the recent past the global market has become highly competitive in nature not allowing companies to settle down properly and keeping them on their toes to come up with something new. What has been more agonising for companies is the sudden emergence of environmentalism and green politics among the consumers. People have become more conscious about their purchases and their impact on the environment. This clearly showed that mere innovation or improvement in products and services wouldnt be effective for companies and in order to stand out of the queue that got to do something which will set the trend (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). The emergence of the Corporate Social Responsibility came a source of respite for many companies especially the multinational companies as they now understand that in order to capture the consumer base one has to have positive impact not only with the products but with its activities as well. From the broader point of view Corporate Social Responsibility concept mainly indicated that companies have to contribute towards the development of the environment and the society and not merely the sales of quality products and services. Sustainability is one of the key sections of Corporate Social Responsibility and there are number of companies those who have been successful in practicing their trade sustainably and have become quintessential to the practice of CSR. One Such organisation is BHP Billiton one of the leading Gas and Energy Company from Australia. The present study will discuss the concepts of sustainability and CSR with reference to BHP Billiton (Carroll Shabana, 2010). Sustainability as Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility is a multi-faceted subject and hence has different definitions. The classical definition of Corporate Social Responsibility could be put forward as a business approach that contributes to the overall sustainable development of the stakeholders in terms of social, environmental, economic aspects. The CSR approach of an organisation is mainly pointed to provide stakeholders with economic, social and political benefits. In a broader view it could be said that through CSR the companies not only focus on serving the consumers but it also focuses on serving the environment and society in order to have a better and positive impact (Aras Crowther, 2009). There are different layers to Corporate Social Responsibility and sustainability is considered as one of the most important layers. Sustainability is futuristic approach to CSR where a company focuses to utilise its resources effectively especially the scarce resources and focus on preserving them which forms to be conducive for long term trading of the organisation in the market. Sustainability or sustainable development could be stated as the process of meeting the needs and wants of the present without negotiating the availability for the future generations. Sustainability has become a very effective concept due to its approach of saving for the future (Luchs et al., 2010). Australian Gas and energy company BHP Billiton has focused on taking the aspect of sustainability in mind in order to operate effectively. BHP has had an effective sustainable approach to its operations. As a major producer of fossil fuel the company has understood its responsibility to reduce greenhouse gases which has helped the company to reduce climate impacts. In 2015 the company has collaborated with the United Nations Convention on Climate Change to contribute in holding the increase in the global temperature. The company believes in policy framework and conformation to policies which helps it to operate effectively. The company also strives to actively support the communities where it works and so far it has been effective. It has organised number of climate and education awareness campaign which has helped to support a lot of people in distant regions. Through collaborative approach the company has involved a number of people to understand its practices in business (Schalteg ger et al., 2012). The company is an initiator and is more focused on better compliance to systems and managing the business operations to reduce environmental impacts due to the business operations. The company is highly focused on applying the ethical theory within its operations. The company has earlier faced number of issues that had raised questions on their morale and ethics for instance the incident in brazil mining operation was a big blow to the company but since then it has recovered well and ensures that its approach towards work is ethically correct which helps the company to have better bonding with the society (Visser, 2011). The company should also take into account the stakeholder approach to CSR. The stakeholder theory is mainly a theory organisational management and business ethics that addresses values of the organisation in managing the company. BHP has its own code of conduct which has helped to manage its different stakeholders differently. It could be said that most of the stakeholders with the company could have conflicting interest and hence in order to have a proper relation with all of them the company has developed separate corporate governance plan which would help the company to ensure proper relationship with the consumers, the suppliers, the financers, the employees et cetera. BHP recently has emphasised on the use of philanthropic responsibility approach to sustainability (Idowu et al., 2013). It has started organising different community based operations and awareness programs and charities and the company have also focused its employee time and money to create effective relationship w ith communities especially in mining areas. The company has also created an effective relationship with stakeholders like government with the help of stakeholder theory where it has emphasised on supporting the local governmental bodies for the welfare of the society and the local communities. The philanthropic approach to sustainability has involves abiding by the social and ethical norms, eliminating any kind of ethical dilemma that manifests within the organisational operation. The company has also contributed to the development of educational institutes in places like Tasmania, Western Australia and even in its foreign plants in Brazil and other countries (Orlitzky et al., 2011). Conclusion BHP Billiton has been effective with its sustainable practices within the country as well as foreign countries. The company has used the ethical theory to eliminate any kind of ethical dilemma, the philanthropic responsibility approach to address the social and moral duties and the stakeholder theory which has helped the company to ensure that it is able to handle its different stakeholders in the most suitable manner possible. It is important to say that the company has been able to implement the best possible sustainable practices which have helped to boost its social responsibility goals and have allowed space to the company to sustain in the market for a much longer time (Visser, 2011). References Aras, G., Crowther, D. (2009). Corporate sustainability reporting: a study in disingenuity?.Journal of business ethics,87(1), 279-288. Carroll, A. B., Buchholtz, A. K. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Carroll, A. B., Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice.International journal of management reviews,12(1), 85-105. Idowu, S. O., Capaldi, N., Zu, L. (2013).Encyclopedia of corporate social responsibility. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Luchs, M. G., Naylor, R. W., Irwin, J. R., Raghunathan, R. (2010). The sustainability liability: Potential negative effects of ethicality on product preference.Journal of Marketing,74(5), 18-31. Orlitzky, M., Siegel, D. S., Waldman, D. A. (2011). Strategic corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability.Business society,50(1), 6-27. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E. G. (2012). Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), 95-119. Visser, W. (2011).The age of responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the new DNA of business. John Wiley Sons.

The Play Must Go West Essays - Ludlow, New Orleans,

The Play Must Go West Soon after the American Revolution, Americans began their expansion to the west. It was our Manifest Destiny to tame the wilds of the west and expand our nation from coast to coast. Families from all over would load up their belongings and travel to the newly purchased lands. People from New York, Philadelphia, Boston and all parts of the new nation brought with them their language, culture and belief systems. Along with this they also brought the theater. It was not long after people would begin to live in an area that the theater would take root. The progress of the theater in the United States can be traced along the same routes as the settlement of the west. Beginning on the east coast with early colonies the theater was carried with our ancestors to their new homes in the west. From St. Louise to Kansas City, from Kansas City to California and all parts in between. Horace Greeley said Go west young man and the theater followed. In 1492 Christopher Columbus left Azones on a trip to discover a western sea route to the Orient. Seventy days later Columbus made land fall on what he thought was an outlying portion of Asia. Columbus would go to his death believing he had landed in Asia, he was wrong. Although he did open up a new world for Europeans to expand their culture into.(Billington 15) Thought many early attempts where made to settle this new land. Most ended in disaster. In 1620 however, 128 years after Columbus made his brave but mistaken discovery of the new world, the pilgrims set out to make a permanent settlement in America. They put a shore in what is now called Massachusetts and formed a thriving, self governed colony.(Billington 57) 10 years later, John Wintrope brings 1000 colonist and founds the city of Boston. Wintropes British settlement had not been in the new world long, in fact less than a year, when they discovered that the Dutch had formed their own nearby settlement. The Dutch called their town New Amsterdam. This caused immediate competition and rivalry between the settlements.(Billington 60) After a war with the Dutch the city of New Amsterdam came into the possession of the British Empire and King Charles the Second. King Charles had newly been restored to the throne of England after a long forced vacation on the mainland of Europe. As a reward to those who supported his return, he annexed New Amsterdam and renamed it New York and gave large portions of it to his most loyal supporters.(Billington 67) In the ensuing years many English colonist came to the new world setting up towns and cities all along the Atlantic coast line. It is in these towns and cities that we see European culture, especially E nglish culture, being planted in the new world. With this new culture being brought to this new and untamed land it is natural that the forms of entertainment would also not be far behind. The lands of the new world where now fertile for the seed of the theater. In 1716 we have records of a theater being built in Willamsburg Virginia. This is probable the first theater built in the Americas. While there where probable plays and some small theatrical productions being done earlier, this is our first ever record of a building being built for this specific purpose.(Hornblow) We know that in New York in 1752, the Hallams performed the Merchant of Venice. We also know that the Hallams used a theater that was build for use by Murray and Kean who had a troupe who had performed the same play along with Richard the III many years earlier. (Hornblow) So theater came early to the Americas but was contained to the coastal areas much like the colonies where. It would take the formation of a new country and an expansion of the boarders of this new country to help theater on its western trek across the great expanses of North America. Caused by what they believed was an erosions of their natural rights and being governed with out representation The colonies in America decided to take a bold move and break their